Research Methodology
How VALOR Institute conducts rigorous, evidence-based policy research
Our Research Standards
VALOR Institute follows rigorous standards for data collection, analysis, and presentation. Every report is grounded in primary sources, peer review, and transparent methodology. We are committed to analytical integrity, political independence, and evidence-based conclusions.
The VALOR Research Process
Research Design
We define clear research questions, identify relevant data sources, and establish analytical frameworks before beginning data collection.
Primary Source Collection
We rely on public records requests, government filings, congressional documents, campaign finance disclosures, and other primary sources.
Data Analysis
We apply quantitative and qualitative analysis methods to identify patterns, relationships, and institutional dynamics.
Peer Review
Drafted reports undergo internal peer review and external subject matter expert review to ensure analytical quality and factual accuracy.
Public Release
We publish complete reports with detailed sources, data appendices, and methodology documentation. Our readers can examine and verify our work.
Data Sources
VALOR research draws from authoritative public sources:
- Congressional Records: Committee reports, voting records, hearing transcripts, legislative histories
- Campaign Finance Data: FEC filings, dark money disclosures, state lobbying records
- Government Filings: SEC disclosures, agency reports, FOIA documents, executive branch communications
- Institutional Records: Court filings, regulatory agency documents, inspector general reports
- Academic Research: Peer-reviewed studies on governance, institutional design, and political science
Analytical Approaches
Quantitative Analysis
Where applicable, we employ statistical methods to identify patterns, test relationships, and draw generalizable conclusions. We report confidence intervals, statistical significance, and methodological limitations.
Qualitative Analysis
We analyze documents, hearing transcripts, and institutional records to understand processes, motivations, and outcomes.
Institutional Analysis
We examine how institutional structures, procedures, and incentives shape behavior. Understanding institutional design is essential for diagnosing problems and designing reform.
Comparative Analysis
When appropriate, we compare U.S. institutions to international practices and historical precedent to evaluate alternatives and identify reform possibilities.
Transparency & Limitations
Every VALOR report includes a methodology section describing data sources, analytical approaches, and limitations. We are transparent about:
- Data sources and their limitations
- Analytical methods employed
- Assumptions underlying the analysis
- Confidence in findings and statistical significance
- Alternative interpretations of evidence
- Remaining research questions
Editorial Standards
VALOR Institute maintains strict editorial standards to ensure accuracy, fairness, and analytical integrity:
- Facts are verified against authoritative sources
- Direct quotes are accurate and in context
- Analysis is grounded in evidence, not speculation
- Multiple perspectives are considered in institutional analysis
- Corrections are published promptly and transparently